Roll to Hit

Describes the roll necessary to hit an opponent with a weapon, touch an opponent or — sometimes — to hit with a magically propelled force such as Melf's arrow or spiritual hammer. The success of a given roll is determined by THAC0, in which the chance to hit is determined by the attacker's experience level and the opponent's armor class.

Note that rolls of 1, 2 or 20 are important as they invoke critical hit & fumble rules.

Penalties and bonuses to hit modifies the die roll, or rather the number needed to hit. Below is a list of the most common modifiers (with expectations that this list will eventually be complete):

• Attacks with Two Weapons: provides penalties to attacks with a weapon in each hand depending on the character's ability stats.

• Charging: the attacks of charging combatants are accomplished with bonuses to hit and damage, depending upon various circumstances.

• Cover: defenses offered by fortifications, vegetation or terrain can offer varying attack modifiers depending on the position of the combatant.

• Dexterity: subtracts or adds to the attack die when using missile weapons, depending on the ability stats of the attacker.

• Grenade Missiles: special rules in which the target is sometimes not the defender but the combat hex. Typically the attacker need only hit armor class 10 to have a direct effect.

• Groggy: applies when the character initially awakes from sleep; -2 to hit.

• Helpless Defenders: creatures that are magically held, paralysed or sleeping can be hit without the combatant making a roll to hit, so that damage caused is automatic. This damage may dispel the spell affecting the recipient of the attack, freeing or awakening the defender.

• Illumination: the amount of illumination and comparable darkness affects the chance of combatants to hit, particularly with missile weapons.

• Invisibility: if an invisible creature is detected but is not actually seen, rolls to hit are made at -8. If the invisible defender's combat hex is positively identified, then attacks are made at -4. With improved invisibility, when the character shimmers translucently, attacks are made at -2. [unlike AD&D specifies, no % bonus is given for leveled persons to identify invisibility according to their experience.]

• Magic: many different spells offer adjustments to hit and damage that affect both attackers and defenders; adjustments are noted under their spell descriptions. Noted defensive spells include protection from malevolence, barkskin, stoneskin, armor and phantom armor. Attack spells that include a roll to hit are Melf's arrow, spiritual hammer, chromatic orb, magic stone and shocking grasp. These spells ignore armor, so that attacks are made against AC 10. Spells that adjust the abilities of the character or object (strength, flame blade, shillelagh) roll to hit normally.

• Missile Ranges: when attacking opponents with missile weapons at a range of 2 hexes, the modifier is +1 for the attacker. Attacks at medium range are done at -2 and at long range at -5.

• Multiple Defenders in One Hex: when attacking a hex with two defenders in it (when neither are adequately skilled in Puissance), attacks are made at +2.

• Paladin Class: paladins are continuously protected by protection from malevolence, subtracting 2 from all attacks made against them.

• Rear & Flank Attacks: rear attacks receive a +2 bonus to attack; thieves and assassins will receive +4 against the rear, when the opponent is surprised. Flank attacks receive a +1 bonus to attack.

• Strength Ability: subtracts or adds to the attack die when using hand-to-hand weapons, depending on the attacker's strength.

See Attacking in Combat